Assumptions

Version 2026-09, compiled 2026-08-30. These 97 figures are what the calculator is running on right now. Each one carries the date it was taken, where it came from, how often it needs refreshing, and how much confidence it deserves.

Figures marked low confidence are modelled from the research rather than lifted from one source, and each one shows its working in its note. To see only the figures behind a particular verdict, use how we calculated this from the result.

Published figures

  • Ontario tax, Harmonized sales tax rate13%

    Registered dealer sale, new or used. Charged on the negotiated all-in selling price and collected by the dealer at the point of sale.

    As of 2026-08-29high confidencerefreshed annualSource

  • Ontario tax, Private sale retail sales tax rate13%

    Private used-vehicle sale. Collected by ServiceOntario at registration, not by the seller.

    As of 2026-08-29high confidencerefreshed annualSource

  • Ontario tax, Private sale book value floor multiplier1

    Ontario charges private-sale RST on the greater of the purchase price or the Canadian Red Book average wholesale value. Ontario uses the whole book value, so the floor multiplier is 1. A 3000 dollar price on a vehicle with a 9000 dollar book value is still taxed on 9000.

    As of 2026-08-29high confidencerefreshed annualSource

  • Federal luxury tax, Threshold CAD$100,000

    Applies to vehicles above 100000 dollars, manufactured after 2018, seating 10 or fewer, gross vehicle weight rating at or below 3856 kg, four or more wheels. Confirmed still in force for 2026. Charged before HST, so HST compounds on top of the luxury tax.

    As of 2026-08-29high confidencerefreshed annualSource

  • Federal luxury tax, Rate on full value10%

    The luxury tax owed is the lesser of this rate applied to the full vehicle value and rateOnValueAboveThreshold applied to the amount above thresholdCad.

    As of 2026-08-29high confidencerefreshed annualSource

  • Federal luxury tax, Rate on value above threshold20%

    Applied only to the portion of value above thresholdCad. Pair with rateOnFullValue and take the lesser of the two results.

    As of 2026-08-29high confidencerefreshed annualSource

  • Federal luxury tax, Maximum gross vehicle weight rating kilograms3,856 kg

    Eligibility ceiling. A vehicle above this rating falls outside the luxury tax.

    As of 2026-08-29high confidencerefreshed annualSource

  • Federal luxury tax, Maximum passenger seats10

    Eligibility ceiling. A vehicle seating more than 10 falls outside the luxury tax.

    As of 2026-08-29high confidencerefreshed annualSource

  • Financing, Bank of canada average auto loan rate6.57%

    Bank of Canada average car loan rate, April 2026. Held in the mid 6 percent range through early 2026, roughly 6.37 to 6.72 percent month to month. Use as a market anchor, never as a quoted rate.

    As of 2026-04-30high confidencerefreshed monthlySource

  • Financing, Blended apr new vehicle6.90% to 7.50%

    Blended across credit tiers. Manufacturer subvented rates of 0 to 2.99 percent exist on new vehicles and can invert the new-versus-used relationship entirely, so the engine must support a promotional rate override.

    As of 2026-08-29medium confidencerefreshed monthlySource

  • Financing, Blended apr used vehicle8.20% to 9.50%

    Used APRs sit above new because lenders price collateral risk higher.

    As of 2026-08-29medium confidencerefreshed monthlySource

  • Financing, Used vehicle apr spread1.30% to 2%

    Derived, not separately sourced. Low end is blendedAprUsedVehicle low minus blendedAprNewVehicle low, 0.082 minus 0.069. High end is 0.095 minus 0.075. Report 01 section 2.3 states the spread exists and must be modelled but gives no spread figure of its own.

    As of 2026-08-29low confidencerefreshed monthlydocs/research/01-product-and-market.md

  • Financing, Apr by credit band, Super prime3.99% to 6.99%

    Credit score 720 and above.

    As of 2026-08-29medium confidencerefreshed monthlySource

  • Financing, Apr by credit band, Prime5.99% to 9.99%

    Credit score 670 to 719. Most dealers and lenders set a mid 600s minimum score for standard approval.

    As of 2026-08-29medium confidencerefreshed monthlySource

  • Financing, Apr by credit band, Near prime8.99% to 14.99%

    Credit score 620 to 669.

    As of 2026-08-29medium confidencerefreshed monthlySource

  • Financing, Apr by credit band, Sub prime10.99% to 29.99%

    Credit score below 620. Report 01 section 2.3 gives the top of this band as 29.99 percent or higher, so treat the high end as a floor rather than a ceiling.

    As of 2026-08-29medium confidencerefreshed monthlySource

  • Insurance, Ontario year over year increase4.45%

    Ontario premiums rose roughly 4.45 percent year over year in 2026. The July 1 2026 reform made most accident benefits other than medical, rehabilitation and attendant care optional, which may lower premiums modestly, but the real movement will not be observable until Q1 2027.

    As of 2026-08-29medium confidencerefreshed quarterlySource

  • Insurance, By city, Brampton, Annual premium CAD$3,341 a year to $3,802 a year

    Sources disagree. Report 01 section 2.6 gives roughly 3802 dollars, the highest in Ontario. Report 03 section 2.4 gives roughly 3341 dollars, most expensive of 32 municipalities and 32 percent above the GTA average, citing https://www.ratehub.ca/blog/how-much-is-car-insurance-in-brampton/. Stored as the wider band spanning both until one source is adopted as authoritative.

    As of 2026-08-29low confidencerefreshed quarterlySource

  • Insurance, By city, Toronto, Annual premium CAD$2,483 a year

    Up from the [2231, 2400] band in the 2026-08 vintage, which spanned two disagreeing sources (report 01 section 2.6 and report 03 section 2.4). ThinkInsure has since republished its table with a single current figure: "$2,483 (May 31, 2025 - May 31, 2026), up 9.67% from 2024." Confirmed via two independent search queries with matching quotes. Verified through search-indexed content rather than a direct fetch, which this audit environment could not reach; a direct-fetch re-check is recommended. The Mississauga companion figure in this file, which cited the same ratehub.ca source as part of the old Toronto band, was not re-verified this cycle and is unaffected by this update.

    As of 2026-05-31medium confidencerefreshed quarterlySource

  • Insurance, By city, Ottawa, Annual premium CAD$1,886 a year

    Up from 1827 in the 2026-08 vintage, roughly 3.2 percent higher. Still the lowest of the cities this file documents. ThinkInsure: "car insurance in Ottawa averages about $1,886 per year, roughly $157 per month... more than $500 per year cheaper than car insurance in Toronto." Confirmed via two independent search queries with matching quotes. Verified through search-indexed content rather than a direct fetch, which this audit environment could not reach; a direct-fetch re-check is recommended.

    As of 2026-05-31medium confidencerefreshed quarterlySource

  • Insurance, By city, Burlington, Annual premium CAD$1,806 a year

    MyChoice city average, 22 June 2026, up 6.01 percent year over year. This supersedes the 2100 to 2300 band the file previously carried from report 01 section 2.6, which that section labelled a young-driver reference covering Burlington and Kitchener together rather than an all-driver city average. The note on that figure said to replace it once a matched all-driver average was sourced, and this is that figure: the same table, on the same date, that prices the other cities here.

    As of 2026-06-22low confidencerefreshed quarterlySource

  • Insurance, By city, Kitchener, Annual premium CAD$1,810 a year

    MyChoice city average, 22 June 2026, up 3.55 percent year over year. Supersedes the shared Burlington and Kitchener young-driver band from report 01 section 2.6, for the reason recorded on the Burlington figure. The two cities now carry separate all-driver averages, which is what makes a Burlington page and a Kitchener page different pages.

    As of 2026-06-22low confidencerefreshed quarterlySource

  • Insurance, By city, Mississauga, Annual premium CAD$2,258 a year to $2,531 a year

    Three sources disagree, so the band spans them. MyChoice publishes 2494 in its 22 June 2026 city table. Report 03 section 2.4 gives roughly 2258, citing https://www.ratehub.ca/blog/how-much-is-car-insurance-in-mississauga/. ThinkInsure gives 2531 from quotes taken between 1 January 2022 and 31 August 2024.

    As of 2026-06-22low confidencerefreshed quarterlySource

  • Insurance, By city, Hamilton, Annual premium CAD$1,870 a year to $2,396 a year

    Two sources disagree and the band spans both. MyChoice publishes 1870 in its 22 June 2026 city table. ThinkInsure publishes 2396 from quotes taken between 1 January 2022 and 31 August 2024, at https://www.thinkinsure.ca/insurance-help-centre/average-car-insurance-ontario.html.

    As of 2026-06-22low confidencerefreshed quarterlySource

  • Insurance, By city, London, Annual premium CAD$2,037 a year to $2,225 a year

    Two sources disagree and the band spans both. MyChoice publishes 2037 in its 22 June 2026 city table. ThinkInsure publishes 2225 from quotes taken between 1 January 2022 and 31 August 2024, at https://www.thinkinsure.ca/insurance-help-centre/average-car-insurance-ontario.html.

    As of 2026-06-22low confidencerefreshed quarterlySource

  • Insurance, By city, Markham, Annual premium CAD$2,364 a year

    MyChoice city average, 22 June 2026, up 8.12 percent year over year. One published broker average rather than a market-wide measurement, which is why confidence is low.

    As of 2026-06-22low confidencerefreshed quarterlySource

  • Insurance, By city, Vaughan, Annual premium CAD$2,705 a year

    MyChoice city average, 22 June 2026, up 8.86 percent year over year, the fastest rise in the table.

    As of 2026-06-22low confidencerefreshed quarterlySource

  • Insurance, By city, Windsor, Annual premium CAD$2,035 a year

    MyChoice city average, 22 June 2026, up 3.98 percent year over year.

    As of 2026-06-22low confidencerefreshed quarterlySource

  • Insurance, By city, Oshawa, Annual premium CAD$2,116 a year

    MyChoice city average, 22 June 2026, up 5.89 percent year over year.

    As of 2026-06-22low confidencerefreshed quarterlySource

  • Insurance, By city, Barrie, Annual premium CAD$2,118 a year

    MyChoice city average, 22 June 2026, up 6.21 percent year over year.

    As of 2026-06-22low confidencerefreshed quarterlySource

  • Insurance, By city, Guelph, Annual premium CAD$1,846 a year

    MyChoice city average, 22 June 2026, up 5.20 percent year over year.

    As of 2026-06-22low confidencerefreshed quarterlySource

  • Insurance, By city, Oakville, Annual premium CAD$1,970 a year

    MyChoice city average, 22 June 2026, up 2.45 percent year over year.

    As of 2026-06-22low confidencerefreshed quarterlySource

  • Insurance, By city, Richmond-hill, Annual premium CAD$2,422 a year

    MyChoice city average, 22 June 2026, up 4.90 percent year over year.

    As of 2026-06-22low confidencerefreshed quarterlySource

  • Insurance, By city, St-catharines, Annual premium CAD$1,877 a year

    MyChoice city average, 22 June 2026, up 6.73 percent year over year.

    As of 2026-06-22low confidencerefreshed quarterlySource

  • Insurance, By city, Cambridge, Annual premium CAD$1,979 a year

    MyChoice city average, 22 June 2026, up 4.47 percent year over year.

    As of 2026-06-22low confidencerefreshed quarterlySource

  • Insurance, By city, Waterloo, Annual premium CAD$1,853 a year

    MyChoice city average, 22 June 2026, up 3.45 percent year over year. Sits beside Kitchener in the same table at 1810, which is the pair report 01 section 2.6 could only give as one young-driver band.

    As of 2026-06-22low confidencerefreshed quarterlySource

  • Insurance, By city, Niagara-falls, Annual premium CAD$1,919 a year

    MyChoice city average, 22 June 2026, up 6.68 percent year over year.

    As of 2026-06-22low confidencerefreshed quarterlySource

  • Insurance, By city, Peterborough, Annual premium CAD$1,739 a year

    MyChoice city average, 22 June 2026, up 5.67 percent year over year.

    As of 2026-06-22low confidencerefreshed quarterlySource

  • Insurance, By city, Thunder-bay, Annual premium CAD$2,032 a year

    MyChoice city average, 22 June 2026, up 5.52 percent year over year. The highest figure in the table outside the Greater Toronto Area.

    As of 2026-06-22low confidencerefreshed quarterlySource

  • Insurance, By city, Kingston, Annual premium CAD$1,738 a year

    MyChoice city average, 22 June 2026, up 8.64 percent year over year.

    As of 2026-06-22low confidencerefreshed quarterlySource

  • Insurance, By city, Milton, Annual premium CAD$2,003 a year

    MyChoice city average, 22 June 2026, up 8.43 percent year over year.

    As of 2026-06-22low confidencerefreshed quarterlySource

  • Insurance, By city, Brantford, Annual premium CAD$1,902 a year

    MyChoice city average, 22 June 2026, up 4.12 percent year over year.

    As of 2026-06-22low confidencerefreshed quarterlySource

  • Insurance, By driver age, Age 16 to 19 annual CAD$3,550 a year

    Roughly 296 dollars a month. Report 01 section 2.6 gives this alongside a higher figure for age 24, so the two reference points are not monotonic and must not be interpolated into an age curve without a sourced one.

    As of 2026-08-29low confidencerefreshed quarterlySource

  • Insurance, By driver age, Age 24 annual CAD$6,000 a year

    Roughly 500 dollars a month, and higher than the 16 to 19 figure in the same table. Report 01 section 2.6 notes rates improve materially after 25 with a clean record but gives no figure for 25 and over.

    As of 2026-08-29low confidencerefreshed quarterlySource

  • Insurance, By driver age, Young male toronto worst case annual CAD$13,000 a year

    Reported as 13000 dollars or more, so treat this as a floor for the worst case rather than a central estimate.

    As of 2026-08-29low confidencerefreshed quarterlySource

  • Fuel, Ontario regular gasoline per litre$1.70 a litre

    Ontario regular gasoline, late August 2026. Ontario averaged roughly 1.84 per litre February to May 2026 and Toronto roughly 1.85 May to August 2026, so treat this as a user-adjustable default. Report 01 section 2.16 asks for a weekly refresh; the cadence vocabulary tightens to weekly when a live price feed replaces the manual figure.

    As of 2026-08-29medium confidencerefreshed monthlySource

  • Electricity, Time of use on peak per kWh$0.203 per kWh

    Ontario Energy Board Regulated Price Plan rate, effective 2025-11-01 through 2026-10-31. Up from 0.158 in the 2026-08 vintage, roughly 28 percent higher. Corroborated by neobanc.com/articles/ontario-electricity-rates and by half a dozen local utility companies republishing the same OEB release (Oshawa Power, Tillsonburg Hydro, Algoma Power, ERTH Power, Niagara Peninsula Energy, Canadian Niagara Power). Verified through search-indexed content rather than a direct fetch of oeb.ca, which this audit environment could not reach; a direct-fetch re-check is recommended.

    As of 2026-08-30medium confidencerefreshed quarterlySource

  • Electricity, Time of use mid peak per kWh$0.157 per kWh

    Ontario Energy Board Regulated Price Plan rate, effective 2025-11-01 through 2026-10-31. Up from 0.122 in the 2026-08 vintage, roughly 29 percent higher. Same corroboration and same fetch caveat as timeOfUseOnPeakPerKwh.

    As of 2026-08-30medium confidencerefreshed quarterlySource

  • Electricity, Time of use off peak per kWh$0.098 per kWh

    Ontario Energy Board Regulated Price Plan rate, effective 2025-11-01 through 2026-10-31. Up from 0.076 in the 2026-08 vintage, roughly 29 percent higher. Same corroboration and same fetch caveat as timeOfUseOnPeakPerKwh.

    As of 2026-08-30medium confidencerefreshed quarterlySource

  • Electricity, Public dc fast charging per kWh$0.45 per kWh to $0.75 per kWh

    Up from [0.35, 0.55] in the 2026-08 vintage. Confirmed twice via search-indexed content directly attributed to this URL, but other current sources give materially different ranges (0.30-0.65, 0.37-0.80), so confidence is downgraded to low pending a direct fetch of the live page, which this audit environment could not reach.

    As of 2026-08-30low confidencerefreshed quarterlySource

  • Maintenance, Monthly under five years$100 a month

    Vehicle under 5 years old. Sits inside the broader 500 to 1500 dollar per year routine-maintenance range report 01 section 2.11 documents, and near the CAA scheduled-maintenance reference of 500 to 700 dollars per year.

    As of 2026-08-29medium confidencerefreshed quarterlySource

  • Maintenance, Monthly five to ten years$125 a month to $150 a month

    Vehicle 5 to 10 years old.

    As of 2026-08-29medium confidencerefreshed quarterlySource

  • Maintenance, Monthly ten years or older$175 a month to $250 a month

    Vehicle 10 years old or older. Age-banded maintenance is the model report 01 section 2.11 recommends because it is simple, defensible and immediately intuitive.

    As of 2026-08-29medium confidencerefreshed quarterlySource

  • Maintenance, Ontario shop labour rate per hour$110 an hour to $150 an hour

    Ontario sits in the highest labour-rate tier in Canada alongside British Columbia.

    As of 2026-08-29medium confidencerefreshed quarterlySource

  • Operating, Average annual kilometres16,000 km a year to 24,000 km a year

    Derived proxy, not a measured average. Report 01 publishes no average-annual-kilometres figure anywhere. Section 2.13 gives a typical lease annual km allowance of 16000 to 24000 km per year, which is the only kilometre band in the research, so it stands in as the driving-distance band. A lease allowance is set to cover typical driving rather than to measure it, so this band runs high. Cross-check against report 01 section 2.8's 150 to 250 dollar per month gasoline band, at the same section's 1.70 per litre price: at 16000 km every class consumption figure below lands inside that band, 159 dollars for a sedan to 249 for a pickup, and at the 20000 km midpoint the lighter classes stay inside it while a pickup runs above at 312. That band is not class-specific, so the overrun is expected rather than a contradiction. Source a StatCan or Natural Resources Canada annual vehicle-kilometres figure before any page quotes a driving distance.

    As of 2026-08-29low confidencerefreshed annualdocs/research/01-product-and-market.md

  • Operating, Fuel consumption litres per 100 km, Sedan7 L / 100 km

    Modelled, not sourced. Report 01 publishes no litres-per-100-km figure for any class. Section 2.8's 150 to 250 dollar per month gasoline band, at the same section's 1.70 per litre price and at the 16000 km low end of averageAnnualKilometres, implies a fleet consumption spread of 6.62 to 11.03 litres per 100 km. The five class figures fan across that implied spread and none sits outside it. Only their ordering is a claim, not their levels. Replace with Natural Resources Canada Fuel Consumption Guide ratings before any page quotes a per-class figure.

    As of 2026-08-29low confidencerefreshed annualdocs/research/01-product-and-market.md

  • Operating, Fuel consumption litres per 100 km, Suv10 L / 100 km

    Modelled, not sourced. Same derivation and same caveat as the sedan figure.

    As of 2026-08-29low confidencerefreshed annualdocs/research/01-product-and-market.md

  • Operating, Fuel consumption litres per 100 km, Crossover8.5 L / 100 km

    Modelled, not sourced. Same derivation and same caveat as the sedan figure.

    As of 2026-08-29low confidencerefreshed annualdocs/research/01-product-and-market.md

  • Operating, Fuel consumption litres per 100 km, Pickup11 L / 100 km

    Modelled, not sourced. Sits at the top of the implied fleet spread. Same derivation and same caveat as the sedan figure.

    As of 2026-08-29low confidencerefreshed annualdocs/research/01-product-and-market.md

  • Operating, Fuel consumption litres per 100 km, Minivan10.5 L / 100 km

    Modelled, not sourced. Same derivation and same caveat as the sedan figure.

    As of 2026-08-29low confidencerefreshed annualdocs/research/01-product-and-market.md

  • Operating, Hybrid fuel consumption multiplier0.7

    Modelled, not sourced. Report 01 documents hybrids only through the 35.4 percent five-year depreciation rate in section 2.10 and publishes no hybrid fuel-consumption figure. Applied to the class gasoline consumption above. The alternative was to give a hybrid the same fuel cost as the equivalent gasoline vehicle, which is visibly wrong in the other direction. Replace with a Natural Resources Canada Fuel Consumption Guide comparison before any page quotes a hybrid fuel saving.

    As of 2026-08-29low confidencerefreshed annualdocs/research/01-product-and-market.md

  • Operating, Electric vehicle consumption kWh per 100 km16 kWh / 100 km

    Stated in report 01 section 2.8 as the mid-size EV reference: 16 kWh per 100 km, which at the off-peak rate of 0.076 per kWh gives the 1.22 dollars per 100 km the same section quotes. That internal arithmetic checks out exactly, which is why this is the one figure in this group above low confidence. It is still a single mid-size reference and does not vary by vehicle class.

    As of 2026-08-29medium confidencerefreshed annualdocs/research/01-product-and-market.md

  • Operating, Home charging share45% to 80%

    Derived, not sourced. The share of charging done at home rather than at public DC fast chargers. Solved as the band that reproduces report 01 section 2.8's 50 to 80 dollars per month EV charging figure, using the same section's time-of-use rates averaged across on, mid and off peak, its public rate of 0.35 to 0.55 per kWh, its 16 kWh per 100 km consumption and the averageAnnualKilometres midpoint. An 80 percent home share lands at 49.32 dollars a month, a hair under the 50 dollar floor, and a 45 percent home share at 80.24. This is a user-facing slider in the product, so the figure only sets the starting position.

    As of 2026-08-29low confidencerefreshed annualdocs/research/01-product-and-market.md

  • Depreciation, Year one rate20% to 30%

    Up from [0.15, 0.30] in the 2026-08 vintage; low end moved from 15 percent to 20 percent. Source now states "a new car generally depreciates between 20% to 30% in the first year", confirmed via two independent search queries with matching quotes. Verified through search-indexed content rather than a direct fetch, which this audit environment could not reach; a direct-fetch re-check is recommended. Luxury vehicles and weak-resale nameplates run 25 to 35 percent in year one per the prior vintage; unable to re-confirm that detail this cycle.

    As of 2026-08-30low confidencerefreshed quarterlySource

  • Depreciation, Subsequent annual rate15% to 25%

    Up from [0.10, 0.15] in the 2026-08 vintage, a material move. Source now states "it can depreciate between 15% to 25% annually from the second year to the fifth year" and adds "by the fifth year, a car could lose up to 60% in value". Confirmed via two independent search queries with matching quotes. Verified through search-indexed content rather than a direct fetch, which this audit environment could not reach; a direct-fetch re-check is recommended given the size of this move. Still applied to remaining value rather than original price, so the curve stays declining balance.

    As of 2026-08-30low confidencerefreshed quarterlySource

  • Depreciation, Five year rate all vehicles41.80%

    Five-year industry average, improved 3.8 points against 2025. This is the baseline every segment multiplier is measured against.

    As of 2026-08-29high confidencerefreshed annualSource

  • Depreciation, Five year rate by segment, Electric57.20%

    EV five-year depreciation, materially worse than the 41.8 percent all-vehicle average. An honest EV comparison nets the EVAP rebate and charging savings against this and against often higher insurance.

    As of 2026-08-29medium confidencerefreshed annualSource

  • Depreciation, Five year rate by segment, Hybrid35.40%

    As of 2026-08-29medium confidencerefreshed annualSource

  • Depreciation, Five year rate by segment, Truck34.20%

    All trucks.

    As of 2026-08-29medium confidencerefreshed annualSource

  • Depreciation, Five year rate by segment, Midsize truck32.30%

    STALE SOURCE replacement. The stored guideautoweb.com URL (the source for every other figure in this group) no longer breaks out a midsize-truck figure in its current 2026 edition -- it now reports only EV, SUV, the all-vehicle average, hybrid and an undifferentiated truck category. The prior 0.205 value traces to a 2021-vintage iSeeCars study never carried forward into the current annual edition. Replaced with iSeeCars own live resale-value category page, the same publisher the guideautoweb study is built from: "the resale value average for midsize trucks is 67.7 percent after 5 years", i.e. 32.3 percent depreciation. Confidence is low because this is a narrower, continuously-updated category page rather than the single dated annual study the rest of this group cites, and verification was search-based rather than a direct fetch.

    As of 2026-08-30low confidencerefreshed annualSource

  • Depreciation, Five year rate by segment, Full size truck38.30%

    STALE SOURCE replacement, same reasoning as midsizeTruck: guideautoweb.com no longer breaks out a full-size-truck figure in its current 2026 edition, and the prior 0.318 value traces to a 2021-vintage iSeeCars study. Replaced with iSeeCars own live resale-value category page: "the full-size truck segment average [is] 61.7 percent" retained after 5 years, i.e. 38.3 percent depreciation. One search result also echoed the all-trucks figure (34.2 percent) as if it were full-size-specific, which this note deliberately does not use, since it belongs to the separate unsegmented "truck" figure already stored above. Confidence is low for the same reasons as midsizeTruck.

    As of 2026-08-30low confidencerefreshed annualSource

  • Depreciation, Segment multiplier, Electric1.37

    Derived, not separately sourced. 0.572 divided by 0.418, rounded to three decimals.

    As of 2026-08-29low confidencerefreshed annualdocs/research/01-product-and-market.md

  • Depreciation, Segment multiplier, Hybrid0.85

    Derived, not separately sourced. 0.354 divided by 0.418, rounded to three decimals.

    As of 2026-08-29low confidencerefreshed annualdocs/research/01-product-and-market.md

  • Depreciation, Segment multiplier, Truck0.82

    Derived, not separately sourced. 0.342 divided by 0.418, rounded to three decimals.

    As of 2026-08-29low confidencerefreshed annualdocs/research/01-product-and-market.md

  • Depreciation, Segment multiplier, Midsize truck0.77

    Derived, not separately sourced. 0.323 divided by 0.418, rounded to three decimals. Recomputed for the 2026-09 vintage after fiveYearRateBySegment.midsizeTruck was replaced from a stale 2021-vintage figure.

    As of 2026-08-30low confidencerefreshed annualdocs/research/01-product-and-market.md

  • Depreciation, Segment multiplier, Full size truck0.92

    Derived, not separately sourced. 0.383 divided by 0.418, rounded to three decimals. Recomputed for the 2026-09 vintage after fiveYearRateBySegment.fullSizeTruck was replaced from a stale 2021-vintage figure.

    As of 2026-08-30low confidencerefreshed annualdocs/research/01-product-and-market.md

  • Depreciation, Segment multiplier, Unsegmented1

    Fallback for sedans, SUVs, crossovers and minivans. Report 01 section 2.10 publishes no separate five-year figure for those classes, so they track the all-vehicle average until one is sourced. The value is 1 by definition rather than by measurement.

    As of 2026-08-29low confidencerefreshed annualdocs/research/01-product-and-market.md

  • Lease, Residual share 36 months truck or hybrid55.00% to 62%

    Report 01 section 2.13 gives 36 month residual benchmarks of 55 to 62 percent for trucks and hybrids. A benchmark, not a lookup: every lease quote states its own residual and that stated number is the one that governs the payment. Residuals are set per model per program and move with each incentive cycle, which is why this carries low confidence and a quarterly cadence. Report 01 section 2.14 names Canadian Black Book as the reference standard for residuals; source it before any page quotes a residual as a market fact.

    As of 2026-08-29low confidencerefreshed quarterlydocs/research/01-product-and-market.md

  • Lease, Residual share 36 months sedan or electric48% to 55.00%

    Report 01 section 2.13 gives 36 month residual benchmarks of 48 to 55 percent for sedans and for electric vehicles without rebate support. The research names no band for SUVs, crossovers or minivans, so they take this lower one rather than the truck band. That is the cautious direction: a lower residual raises the modelled lease payment, so the comparison never flatters a lease on a body style the research does not cover. Same sourcing caveat as the truck and hybrid band.

    As of 2026-08-29low confidencerefreshed quarterlydocs/research/01-product-and-market.md

  • Lease, Annual kilometre allowance16,000 km a year to 24,000 km a year

    Report 01 section 2.13 puts a typical annual kilometre allowance at 16000 to 24000 km a year. The same band backs operating.averageAnnualKilometres, for the reason recorded there: it is the only kilometre band anywhere in the research. A contract states its own allowance and its own excess kilometre rate, and the research publishes no benchmark rate at all, so the comparison prices an overage only when a reader supplies the rate from their own quote.

    As of 2026-08-29low confidencerefreshed annualdocs/research/01-product-and-market.md

  • Mortgage, Qualifying rate5.25%

    Modelled, not sourced. Report 01 section 2.15 supplies the GDS and TDS mechanics and the 100000 dollar income worked example but names no mortgage rate, and no report in docs/research names one. 5.25 percent is the long-standing Canadian minimum qualifying rate floor for the mortgage stress test and is used here only as the annuity rate that converts a monthly payment into a principal amount. It is a stress-test style rate deliberately, because the product's claim is what a lender would qualify the buyer for, not what they would pay. Replace with a sourced OSFI B-20 minimum qualifying rate or a posted lender rate before any page quotes a dollar capacity.

    As of 2026-08-29low confidencerefreshed quarterlydocs/research/01-product-and-market.md

  • Mortgage, Amortization months300 months

    Modelled, not sourced. 25 years is the conventional Canadian mortgage amortization for qualification math. Report 01 publishes no amortization period. Paired with qualifyingRate to set the annuity factor behind the mortgage-capacity figure.

    As of 2026-08-29low confidencerefreshed annualdocs/research/01-product-and-market.md

  • Electric vehicle affordability program, Battery electric maximum CAD$5,000

    EVAP, the successor to iZEV, announced 16 February 2026 and running 31 March 2026 to 31 March 2031. Up to 5000 dollars for battery-electric and hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles, applied at point of sale. Confidence is low because report 01 section 5 item 6 lists Transport Canada primary-source confirmation of the eligible-vehicle list, the dealer point-of-sale mechanics and the Canadian-made exemption boundary as outstanding. Confirm before the EV module ships, or fall back to a verify-eligibility band.

    As of 2026-03-31low confidencerefreshed annualSource

  • Electric vehicle affordability program, Plug in hybrid maximum CAD$2,500

    Up to 2500 dollars for plug-in hybrids, applied at point of sale. Same Transport Canada confirmation gap as the battery-electric maximum.

    As of 2026-03-31low confidencerefreshed annualSource

  • Electric vehicle affordability program, Final transaction value cap CAD$50,000

    Eligibility is keyed to final transaction value at or below 50000 dollars, not to MSRP as under iZEV. That change matters to the model because options and dealer-installed accessories now count. Canadian-made EVs carry no transaction-value restriction, and the boundary of that exemption is part of the outstanding Transport Canada confirmation.

    As of 2026-03-31low confidencerefreshed annualSource

  • Licensing, Southern ontario plate sticker CAD$0

    Ontario eliminated plate sticker renewal fees in 2022 for passenger vehicles, light trucks, motorcycles and mopeds, in both southern and northern Ontario. Renewal is free and largely automatic but is still required every two years, and requires no unpaid fines or tolls and valid insurance. Competitors that still charge a sticker line item are wrong.

    As of 2026-08-29high confidencerefreshed annualSource

  • Licensing, Used vehicle information package CAD$20

    Mandatory for private sales. Set fines for failing to provide or deliver a UVIP rose to 140 dollars in January 2026.

    As of 2026-08-29high confidencerefreshed annualSource

  • Licensing, Private sale transfer total CAD$60 to $120

    Typical total for a private-sale transfer path, including the UVIP and the plate and permit issuance. Excludes the safety certificate, which report 01 section 2.7 leaves unpriced. Small and honest beats a padded guess here; the dollar impact is minor but the accuracy is a credibility signal.

    As of 2026-08-29medium confidencerefreshed annualSource

  • Licensing, Replacement plate CAD$59

    As of 2026-08-29high confidencerefreshed annualSource

  • Licensing, Replacement sticker CAD$7

    As of 2026-08-29high confidencerefreshed annualSource

  • Fees, Ontario tire stewardship CAD$20 to $30

    Charged per vehicle at a dealer. Report 01 section 2.1 gives the band without attributing it to a single URL, so confidence is low. Under OMVIC all-in pricing every other dealer fee, freight, PDI, admin, air tax and green levy, must already sit inside the advertised price.

    As of 2026-08-29low confidencerefreshed annualSource

  • Verdict thresholds, Easy maximum income share10%

    Total transportation cost at or below 10 percent of gross income is 20/4/10 compliant. Report 01 section 2.15 is blunt that with total ownership cost near 1373 dollars a month the 10 percent rule is out of reach for all but the wealthiest Canadians, so present it as a guardrail rather than a gate.

    As of 2026-08-29medium confidencerefreshed annualSource

  • Verdict thresholds, Manageable maximum income share15%

    10 to 15 percent of gross income is realistic for most Canadians.

    As of 2026-08-29medium confidencerefreshed annualSource

  • Verdict thresholds, Tight maximum income share20%

    15 to 20 percent is stretched. Above 20 percent carries a high risk of payment stress.

    As of 2026-08-29medium confidencerefreshed annualSource

  • Lender ratios, Gross debt service maximum39%

    CMHC maximum. Housing costs divided by gross income. A guideline rather than an absolute rule.

    As of 2026-08-29high confidencerefreshed annualSource

  • Lender ratios, Total debt service maximum44%

    CMHC maximum. Housing plus all other debt divided by gross income. Car loans and leases count at the full monthly payment, which is what makes the mortgage-impact figure derivable.

    As of 2026-08-29high confidencerefreshed annualSource

  • Market, Average new vehicle loan term months72 months

    Average new-vehicle loan term. Ship term options up to 96 months: offering only short terms makes the tool feel wrong, and offering long terms with the consequence made visible is what makes it feel honest.

    As of 2026-08-29medium confidencerefreshed quarterlySource

Figures we are not publishing yet

Sources disagree on these 3, so no page quotes them and the code throws if anything tries to read one. They are named here because a gap you can see is worth more than a number you cannot check. Their values are not shown, including inside the notes that explain the disagreement, because printing the contested numbers to explain why they are contested would publish them just the same.

  • Licensing, Safety standards certificate CADwithheld

  • Market, Average new vehicle transaction price CADwithheld

  • Market, Long term loan share of new financingwithheld